More than 22% of the world's agricultural land is saline, and this trend continues to increase with climate changes. Salinity stress causes leaf color change, osmotic stress, ionic toxicity, prevents growth, photosynthesis and plant performance. Due to their size less than micron, metal nanoparticles have a great absorption and transmission power in plants. Salinity stress is a major problem in hot and dry areas under tomato cultivation. For this purpose, investigating the mutual effects of the size and type of zinc oxide and iron oxide nanoparticles on the improvement and change of growth and increasing the resistance to salt stress in tomato plants of the early urbana variety were carried out in the form of a completely randomized and factorial design with 4 replications, at a significant level of 5%. In this research, zinc oxide nanoparticles in 25 and 50 nm sizes, iron oxide in 25 nm sizes and sodium chloride in 0 and 75 mM levels were used. Nanoparticles and salinity treatments were both applied to the plants. The results showed that salt stress led to a decrease in plant growth parameters such as shoot and root length, leaf area, RWC, ion leakage. Also, NaCl led to an increase in the accumulation of prolin and other aldehydes, sodium, iron and zinc. The application of nanoparticles had a slight effect in stress-free conditions, but in stressed conditions, these two nanoparticles alone and especially in combination neutralized the effect of salinity and reduced the damage caused by salinity stress.

Objective(s): The study aimed to synthesize both silver-and zinc-oxide nanoparticles utilizing the Peganum harmala smoke extract (PHSE) bio-platform to evaluate their cytotoxicity on different types of human cancer cell lines and study their anti-oxidant, and anti-angiogenic potentials. Materials and Methods: The Silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NP) were produced utilizing the green-synthesize method by applying the PHSE bio-platform. After characterization by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) methods. MTT assay was used for the evaluation toxicity of nanoparticles. ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and ROS for anti-oxidant capacity, chicks’ chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), and qPCR for anti-angiogenesis effects of nanoparticles were used. Results: Ag-NPs (82. 42 nm) and ZnO-NPs (163. 05 nm) inhibited prostate, ovarian, and liver malignant cells. Inhibition of ABTS•+ and DPPH•+ and increasing the rate of intracellular ROS exhibited the anti and pro-oxidant capacity of Ag and ZnO-NPs out and inside of malignant cells. Also, their anti-angiogenesis impact was verified by significant dose-dependent VEGF and VEGFR down-regulation and the decreased blood vessels in the CAM. Conclusion: The anti-oxidant, cytotoxicity and anti-angiogenesis effects of Ag and ZnO-NPs synthesized from Pecan smoke extract make it possible to use these nanoparticles in cancer chemotherapy.

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) finds wide-ranging applications, including protective clothing, pipes, gloves, and tubing. Recent studies have prioritized the enhancement of PVC's performance to meet specific criteria. This study delves into the impact of incorporating metal oxide nanoparticles into PVC films to bolster their UV light protection and chemical stability. Five modified PVC films, each laden with distinct metal oxide nanoparticles, were prepared and juxtaposed against the unaltered PVC film. These films endured 300 hours of UV light exposure and underwent assessment through gel content analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The outcomes divulged that the modified PVC films, especially those embedding Cr2O3 nanoparticles, exhibited diminished UV light absorbance and minimal gel content after an overnight immersion in tetrahydrofuran solvent. This attests to an elevated UV protection level and heightened chemical stability when compared to the plain PVC film. Our findings underscore the potential of metal oxide nanoparticle modification in amplifying the attributes of PVC films for demanding applications.

This article provides an overview on preparation, design, crystal structure and properties of some metal-organic frameworks of carboxylate coordination polymers mixed with pyridine-functionality linkers prepared in our laboratory. The article covers coordination polymers in two- and three-dimensional supramolecular architectures. The reported coordination polymers exhibit interesting structural features for cobalt and nickel centers. They also show various physical properties together with high thermal stabilities, which candidate them for a wide range of applications. Moreover, one of the frameworks was used as a precursor for preparation of metal oxide nanoparticles with sizes of about 35-45 nm.